The history the Internet in any country begins with separate small IP-networks. Creation and development of these infrastructures, provides a necessary complex of services and a level of network service not only individual users, but also local networks of the different organizations-clients.

In process of increase in quantity such ISP, developments of their network infrastructures there is a need for expansion of connectivity between the users connected to networks different ISP. Even satisfying needs of the clients for external connectivity (with world IP-networks), each of such ISP at the first stage does not possess a necessary level of connectivity inside of the country (region). Position becomes complicated objective absence at this stage any connecting networks separate ISP basic infrastructures on the basis of communication lines with higher speeds of transfer.

Output from the developed situation is creation of a mutual exchange units by the internal IP-traffic between separate ISP - Internet eXchanges. As the basis contracts about peering between ISP serve. Quantity ISP, cooperating within the limits of agreements about peering grows. Borders of network connectivity for users the Internet inside of the country, geography of an arrangement of IX-units extend.

Development of such level does not demand greater additional financial investments and is effective only at the initial stage of development a national IP-infrastructure. In process of increase in quantity ISP, developments of their networks and growth of transferred data (traffic) inevitably appear the processes leading restriction of speed of data transmission, loss of packages on separate shared ISP sites. There is a need for creation shared (especially at an inter-regional level) backbone infrastructures on the basis of the inter-regional communication lines providing on the average higher speeds of data transmission in comparison with what use separate ISP.

Level ISP (Internet Service Providers) - is connected with formation of separate suppliers of network service, creation of networks which they serve. Infrastructures of these networks include:

• The transport environment - high-speed inter-regional, regional (local) and " last mile " - means of access of a local network of the client in network ISP;
• Hardware-software means;
• The personnel providing effective functioning of a network;
• The channel capacities connecting network ISP with networks of others ISP (national or transnational), providing, in turn, connectivity with other networks the Internet in the world.

The Internet actually is association of fineer computer networks supported individual ISP. Their development is a necessary stage of becoming of any segment Global the Internet.

The level peering assumes development of mutually advantageous system use of infrastructures several ISP by an exchange of the traffic. Such exchange can be carried out on the basis of pair arrangements and the allocated liaison channels between separate ISP, but more progressive is the way of creation of special units of a gateway exchange of the IP-traffic - Internet eXchange (IX).

IX represent the separate networks supported by the specialized organizations, and carry out narrowly special functions on maintenance of local high-speed connectivity between the providers connected to them. These telecommunication structures are constructed, as a rule, on technology of local networks and are not providers in a general sense. IX are the important elements of structure modern the Internet.

The level of a basic network (backbone) is connected with creation of basic infrastructures of national and interethnic scale (for example, European Ebone, Europlanet/Dante, Nordunet) with the high-speed transport environment, large units of access ISP to a basic network. Creation of basic infrastructures of national scale occurs, as a rule, to participation of the state (to a greater or lesser extent in the different countries), attraction of national telecommunication resources.